Релокация как драйвер инновационной активности: глобальное исследование международной миграции основателей компаний-единорогов
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Ключевые слова

быстрорастущие компании
газели
скейлапы
компании-единороги
миграция компаний-единорогов
политика привлечения компаний-единорогов

Как цитировать

КуценкоЕ., ОстащенкоТ., & ТюрчевК. (2022). Релокация как драйвер инновационной активности: глобальное исследование международной миграции основателей компаний-единорогов. Форсайт, 16(4), 6-23. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.4.6.23

Аннотация

В статье исследуются процессы миграции компаний-единорогов — стартапов, достигших миллиардной долларовой оценки в течение десяти лет с момента основания. Возникший в среде профессиональных инвесторов сравнительно недавно термин «единороги» активно вошел в экспертный и политический дискурсы во многих странах, а наличие таких фирм стало новым индикатором состояния национальных инновационных систем. Материалом для исследования послужила наиболее полная (по состоянию на июль 2022 г.) глобальная выборка из 1357 единорогов, по каждому из которых были определены основатели, страны их происхождения и места получения высшего образования. Показано, что около 40% таких  миллиардных компаний в мире были созданы при участии зарубежных основателей. В зависимости от преобладающего направления миграционных потоков выделены три группы стран: привлекающие единорогов извне, выращивающие собственных и теряющие всех. Сравнительный анализ инновационных профилей этих стран позволил выявить факторы выращивания и привлечения. Значимым ресурсом для обоих способов расширения круга таких компаний выступают университеты, поскольку большинство основателей окончили ведущие мировые вузы, а каждый третий зарубежный предприниматель получил образование в стране миграции. Стратегия привлечения не противоречит стратегии выращивания, но служит важным ее дополнением, обеспечивающим основной приток основателей единорогов. Страны – лидеры по числу миллиардных бизнесов глубоко вовлечены в мировые миграционные потоки: они не только привлекают основателей, но и выступают их крупнейшими экспортерами. Авторами предложены рекомендации странам по привлечению компаний-единорогов.

https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.4.6.23
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