Ключевые слова
Бразилия
трансфер технологий
предпринимательский университет
инновационные экосистемы
потоки знаний
взаимодействие университетов с промышленностью
Как цитировать
Аннотация
На обмен знаниями между университетами и промышленностью в периферийных контекстах оказывают влияние различные факторы. Выявить и осмыслить те из них, которые снижают эффективность университетов как проводников инноваций в периферийных экосистемах, позволит анализ нескольких конкретных ситуаций. Наличие таких факторов показано на материале 22 полуструктурированных интервью с координаторами пяти центров технологических инноваций (аналоги бюро трансфера технологий (БТТ)) всех пяти федеральных институтов штата Минас-Жерайс (Бразилия). К ним относятся системные изъяны социально-экономической среды (отсутствие экономического динамизма и низкая абсорбционная способность фирм), университетов (неразвитая инфраструктура, недостаток ресурсов и научного персонала) и посреднических организаций (дефицит кадров и недостаточная институциональная легитимность). Эти факторы затрудняют эффективный обмен знаниями, поддерживают асимметрию в экономическом развитии регионов и препятствуют институциональной эволюции академических учреждений в направлении предпринимательского университета. Вклад исследования состоит в подробном анализе ограничений, препятствующих деятельности университетов по формированию плотных инновационных сетей в менее развитых экосистемах. В рассматриваемой сфере выявлены сложные коэволюционные процессы, которые не позволяют рассчитывать на появление и эффективность «серебряной пули».
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