Ключевые слова
инновационная экосистема
анализ кейсов
управление инновационной деятельностью
автомобильная промышленность
анкетные обследования
Как цитировать
Аннотация
Создание эффективных инновационных экосистем (ИЭС) национального или отраслевого уровня остается сложной и не всегда реализуемой задачей. На примере автомобильной индустрии Бразилии рассмотрен кейс неиспользуемых возможностей для выстраивания сильной ИЭС. Это объясняется невосприимчивостью к новым усложненным конфигурациям подобных экосистем и форматам нетрадиционного взаимодействия, которые они предполагают — новому типу «экологичной» конкуренции и др. Изучен внутренний контекст компаний в отношении практики открытых инноваций. Несмотря на совместные проекты с близкими партнерами по цепочке стоимости, автопроизводители демонстрируют закрытость для внешнего сотрудничества в отличие от игроков из таких отраслей, как аэрокосмическая промышленность или информационные и коммуникационные технологии, которым удалось добиться роста и обеспечить радикальную трансформацию благодаря созданию более широкой ИЭС. Переломить ситуацию сможет только высокая заинтересованность государства в формировании силь-ной ИЭС.
Литература
Adner R. (2006) Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem. Harvard Business Review, April. https://hbr.org/2006/04/match-your-innovation-strategy-to-your-innovation-ecosystem, дата обращения 18.02.2021.
Adner R., Kapoor R. (2010) Value creation in innovation ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations. Strategic Management Journal, 31 (3), 306-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.821
Aquilani B., Abbate T., Codini A. (2017) Overcoming cultural barriers in open innovation processes through intermediaries: A theoretical framework. Knowledge Management Research and Practice, 15(3), 447-459. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41275-017-0067-5
Armellini F., Kaminski P.C., Beaudry C. (2011) Consortium for research and innovation in aerospace in Quebec, Canada a reference model for the Brazilian aerospace industry. Product Management & Development, 9(2), 101-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4322/pmd.2012.002
Autio E., Thomas L.D.W. (2014) Innovation ecosystems: Implications for innovation management. In: Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management (eds. M. Dodgson, D.M. Gann, N. Phillips), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 204-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199694945.013.012
Balland P.A., Boschma R., Frenken K. (2015) Proximity and Innovation: From Statics to Dynamics. Regional Studies, 49(6), 907-920. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.883598
Banister D. (2007) Cities, mobility and climate change. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 11(2), 7-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/jie.2007.1271
Baptista R., Swann P. (1998) Do firms in clusters innovate more? Research Policy, 27(5), 525-540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00065-1
Bathelty H., Cohendet P. (2014) The creation of knowledge: Local building, global accessing and economic development-toward an agenda. Journal of Economic Geography, 14(5), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu027
Beadry C., Swann P. (2001) Growth in Industrial Clusters: A Bird's Eye View of the United Kingdom, Stanford, CA: Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.
Beaudry C. (2001) Entry, growth and patenting in industrial clusters: A study of the aerospace industry in the UK. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 8(3), 405-436. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510110079000
Beaudry C., Breschi S. (2003) Are firms in clusters really more innovative? Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 12(4), 325-342,. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590290020197
Beirao G., Sarsfield Cabral J.A. (2007) Understanding attitudes towards public transport and private car: A qualitative study. Transport Policy, 14(6), 478-489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.04.009
Bell G.G. (2005) Clusters, networks, and firm innovativeness. Strategic Management Journal, 26(3), 287-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.448
Bellini F., Dulskaia I., Savastano M., D'Ascenzo F. (2019) Business Models Innovation for Sustainable Urban Mobility in Small and Medium-Sized European Cities. Management and Marketing, 14(3), 266-277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2019-0019
Benitez G.B., Ayala N.F., Frank A.G. (2020) Industry 4.0 innovation ecosystems: An evolutionary perspective on value cocreation. International Journal of Production Economics, 228, 107735. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107735
Bianchi M., Cavaliere A., Chiaroni D., Frattini F., Chiesa V. (2011) Organisational modes for Open Innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry: An exploratory analysis. Technovation, 31(1), 22-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2010.03.002
Bigliardi B., Dormio A.I., Galati F. (2012) The adoption of open innovation within the telecommunication industry. European Journal of Innovation Management, 15(1), 27-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14601061211192825
Breunig K.J., Aas T.H., Hydle K.M. (2014) Incentives and performance measures for open innovation practices. Measuring Business Excellence, 18(1), 45-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-10-2013-0049
Broekel T., Boschma R. (2012) Knowledge networks in the Dutch aviation industry: The proximity paradox. Journal of Economic Geography, 12(2), 409-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbr010
Burns L.D. (2013) A vision of our transport future. Nature, 497, 181-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/497181a
Carayannis E.G., Campbell D.F.J. (2009) ‘Mode 3' and ‘Quadruple Helix': Toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management, 46(3-4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2009.023374
Chesbrough H.W. (2003) Open Innovation. The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Publishing.
Chesbrough H.W., Appleyard M.M. (2007) Open innovation and strategy. California Management Review, 50(1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.2307%2F41166416.
Chong Z.J., Qin B., Bandyopadhyay T., Wongpiromsarn T., Rankin E.S., Ang M.H., Frazzoli E., Rus D., Hsu D., Low K.H. (2011) Autonomous personal vehicle for the first- and last-mile transportation services. Paper presented at the 2011 IEEE 5th International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems (CIS) 17-19 September 2011, Qingdao, China. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIS.2011.6070337
Cooper R.G. (2015) What's Next?: After Stage-Gate. Research-Technology Management, 57(1), 20-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5437/08956308X5606963
Da Silva R.H., Kaminski P.C., Marin R.O. (2021) Innovation Ecosystems in the Automotive Industry between Opportunities and Limitations. Foresight and STI Governance, 15(3), 66-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2021.3.66.80
Dahl M.S., Pedersen C.O.R. (2004) Knowledge flows through informal contacts in industrial clusters: Myth or reality? Research Policy, 33(10), 1673-1689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2004.10.004
Dahlander L., Gann D.M. (2010) How open is innovation? Research Policy, 39(6), 699-709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.01.013
Delgado M., Porter M.E., Stern S. (2016) Defining clusters of related industries. Journal of Economic Geography, 16(1), 1-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbv017
Forza C. (2002) Survey research in operations management: A process-based perspective. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 22(2), 152-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570210414310
Fransman M. (2010) The new ICT ecosystem: Implications for policy and regulation, Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
Gassmann O., Enkel E. (2004) Towards a theory of Open Innovation: Three core process archetypes. 2004, Paper presented at the R&D Management Conference, January 2004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/36384702_Towards_a_Theory_of_Open_Innovation_Three_Core_Process_Archetypes, дата обращения 20.07.2021.
Gawer A., Cusumano M.A. (2014) Industry platforms and ecosystem innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(3), 417-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12105
Gomes L.A., Facin A.L.F., Salerno M.S., Ikenami R.K. (2018) Unpacking the innovation ecosystem construct: Evolution, gaps and trends. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136(11), 30-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.11.009
Graham-Rowe E., Skippon S., Gardner B., Abraham C. (2011) Can we reduce car use and, if so, how? A review of available evidence. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 45(5), 401-418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2011.02.001
Henn S., Bathelt H. (2015) Knowledge generation and field reproduction in temporary clusters and the role of business conferences. Geoforum, 58, 104-113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.10.015
Hering S., Redlich T., Wulfsberg J.P., Bruhns F.-L. (2011) Open innovation in the automotive industry. ZWF Zeitschrift fuer Wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, 106(9), 647-652.
Ho C.Q., Hensher D.A., Mulley C., Wong Y.Z. (2018) Potential uptake and willingness-to-pay for Mobility as a Service (MaaS): A stated choice study. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 117, 302-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.08.025
Humphrey J., Schmitz H. (2002) How does insertion in global value chains affect upgrading in industrial clusters? Regional Studies, 36(9), 1017-1027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340022000022198
Iammarino S., McCann P. (2006) The structure and evolution of industrial clusters: Transactions, technology and knowledge spillovers. Research Policy, 35(7), 1018-1036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.05.004
Iansiti M., Levien R. (2002) The New Operational Dynamics of Business Ecosystems: Implications for Policy, Operations and Technology Strategy (Harvard Business School Working Paper 03-030), Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1166-06.2006
Iansiti M., Levien R. (2004) Strategy as Ecology. Harvard Business Review, March. https://hbr.org/2004/03/strategy-as-ecology, дата обращения 18.02.2021.
Ili S., Albers A., Miller S. (2010) Open innovation in the automotive industry. R&D Management, 40(3), 246-255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2010.00595.x
Jittrapirom P., Caiati V., Feneri A.M., Ebrahimigharehbaghi S., Alonso-Gonzalez M.J., Narayan J. (2017) Mobility as a service: A critical review of definitions, assessments of schemes, and key challenges. Urban Planning, 2(2), 13-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v2i2.931
Kapoor R., Lee J.M. (2013) Coordinating and competing in ecosystems: How organizational forms shape new technology investments. Strategic Management Journal, 34(3), 274-296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2010
Karim D.M. (2017) Creating an Innovative Mobility Ecosystem for Urban Planning Areas. In: Disrupting Mobility (eds. G. Meyer, S. Shaheen), Hedelberg, Dordrecht, London, New York: Springer, pp. 21-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51602-8_2
Koen P.A., Bertels H.M.J., Kleinschmidt E.J. (2014) Managing the front end of innovation-part II: Results from a three-year study. Research Technology Management, May-June, 25-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5437/08956308X5703199
Lewin A.Y., Valikangas L., Chen J. (2017) Enabling Open Innovation: Lessons from Haier. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 1(1), 5-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1440.101002
Lines T., Monypenny R. (2006) Industrial Clustering: A Literature Review. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238712690_Industrial_Clustering, дата обращения 10.07.2021.
Lyons G. (2018) Getting smart about urban mobility - Aligning the paradigms of smart and sustainable. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 115, 4-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.12.001
Ma Y., Rong K., Mangalagiu D., Thornton T.F., Zhu D. (2018) Co-evolution between urban sustainability and business ecosystem innovation: Evidence from the sharing mobility sector in Shanghai. Journal of Cleaner Production, 188, 942-953. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.323
Marin R., Kaminski P.C., Armellini F., Bouchardy A. (2018) Open Innovation practices in the automotive industry?: an exploratory comparison between Brazil and France (SAE Technical Paper 2018-36-0210). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-36-0210
Monteiro F., Mol M., Birkinshaw J. (2017) Ready to be Open? Explaining the Firm Level Barriers to Benefiting From Openness to External Knowledge. Long Range Planning, 50(2), 282-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2015.12.008
Moore J.F. (1993) Predators and prey: A new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, May-June. https://hbr.org/1993/05/predators-and-prey-a-new-ecology-of-competition, дата обращения 18.02.2021.
Mortara L., Minshall T. (2011) How do large multinational companies implement open innovation? Technovation, 31(10-11), 586-597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2011.05.002
Ning Z., Xia F., Ullah N., Kong X., Hu X. (2017) Vehicular social networks: Enabling smart mobility. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(5), 16-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600263
Oberg C., Alexander A.T. (2019) The openness of open innovation in ecosystems - Integrating innovation and management literature on knowledge linkages. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 4(4), 211-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.10.005
Parmentier G., Mangematin V. (2014) Orchestrating innovation with user communities in the creative industries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 83, 40-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.03.007
Poudenx P. (2008) The effect of transportation policies on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission from urban passenger transportation. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 42(6), 901-909. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2008.01.013
Prettenthaler F.E., Steininger K.W. (1999) From ownership to service use lifestyle: The potential of car sharing. Ecological Economics, 28(3), 443-453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00109-8
Pulkkinen J., Jussila J., Partanen A., Trotskii I., Laiho A. (2019) Smart Mobility: Services, Platforms and Ecosystems. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(9), 15-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1265
Rabelo R.J., Bernus P. (2015) A holistic model of building innovation ecosystems. IFAC-Papers OnLine, 48(3), 2250-2257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.423
Rajashekara K. (2013) Present status and future trends in electric vehicle propulsion technologies. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 1(1), 3-10.
Rohrbeck R., Holzle K., Gemunden H.G. (2009) Opening up for competitive advantage - How Deutsche telekom creates an open innovation ecosystem. R&D Management, 39(4), 420-430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00568.x
Santos F.M., Eisenhardt K.M. (2005) Organizational boundaries and theories of organization. Organization Science, 16(5), 491-508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0152
Sarkar S., Costa A.I.A. (2008) Dynamics of open innovation in the food industry. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 19(11), 574-580. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.09.006
Sieg J.H., Wallin M.W., and von Krogh G. (2010) Managerial challenges in open innovation: A study of innovation intermediation in the chemical industry. R&D Management, 40(3), 281-291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2010.00596.x
Smith G., Sochor J., Karlsson I.C.M.A. (2018) Mobility as a Service: Development scenarios and implications for public transport. Research in Transportation Economics, 69, 592-599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2018.04.001
Sturgeon T.J., van Biesebroeck J. (2011) Global value chains in the automotive industry: An enhanced role for developing countries? International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, 4(1-3), 181-205.
Swann P., Prevezer M. (1996) A comparison of the dynamics of industrial clustering in computing and biotechnology. Research Policy, 25(7), 1139-1157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(96)00897-9
Teece D.J. (2018) Profiting from innovation in the digital economy: Enabling technologies, standards, and licensing models in the wireless world. Research Policy, 47(8), 1367-1387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.01.015
Thompson V., Hardash J.A.C., Decker B., Summers R.O. (2012) NASA (In)novation ecosystem: Taking technology innovation from buzz to reality. Paper presented at the 2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 3-10 March 2012, Big Sky, MT, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2012.6187447
Torre A. (2008) On the Role Played by Temporary Geographical Proximity in Knowledge Transmission. Regional Studies, 42(6), 869-889. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400801922814
Torre A., Zimmermann J.-B. (2015) From clusters to local industrial ecosystems. Revue d'economie industrielle, 52, 13-38,. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/rei.6204
Traitler H., Watzke H.J., Saguy I.S. (2011) Reinventing R&D in an Open Innovation Ecosystem. Journal of Food Science, 76(2), R62-68,. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01998.x
Walsh J.P., Lee Y.N., Nagaoka S. (2016) Openness and innovation in the US: Collaboration form, idea generation and implementation. Research Policy, 45(8), 1660-1671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.04.013
West J., Bogers M. (2014) Leveraging external sources of innovation: A review of research on open innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(4), 814-831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12125
West J., Salter A., Vanhaverbeke W., Chesbrough H. (2014) Open innovation: The next decade. Research Policy, 43(5), 805-811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.03.001
Wilhelm M., Dolfsma W. (2018) Managing knowledge boundaries for open innovation - Lessons from the automotive industry. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 38(1), 230-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-06-2015-0337
Wright M.,Train K. (1987) Qualitative Choice Analysis-Theory, Econometrics and an Application to Automobile Demand. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 38(7), 665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2582403
Wu G., Inderbitzin A., Bening C. (2015) Total cost of ownership of electric vehicles compared to conventional vehicles: A probabilistic analysis and projection across market segments. Energy Policy, 80, 196-214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.02.004
Yang C.H., Motohashi K., Chen J.R. (2009) Are new technology-based firms located on science parks really more innovative? Evidence from Taiwan. Research Policy, 38(1), 77-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.09.001
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.