Ключевые слова
вызовы
политический анализ
уроки
стратегия развития
Республика Иран
технологическая и инновационная политика
Как цитировать
Аннотация
Помимо инструментов «работы с будущим» (прогнозирование, сценарное планирование и т. п.) при разработке долгосрочных стратегий перехода на новую экономическую модель во многих странах применяется подход «взгляд в прошлое». Ретроспективная оценка достижений и провалов (policy learning, политический анализ, ПА) помогает извлечь уроки и повысить эффективность инновационной политики.
В статье на примере Ирана изучается использование ПА для оценки ключевых инициатив в сфере науки, технологий и инноваций на протяжении двух последних десятилетий. Полевые исследования позволили выделить основные цели политики, проанализировать их эволюцию и изменение восприятия принятых решений самими политиками. Активное применение технического и концептуального ПА свидетельствует об относительном прогрессе в корректировке вектора политики. Вместе с тем остается распространенным конъюнктурный анализ, призванный сохранить легитимность действующего курса, что указывает на недостаточную зрелость политической системы в Иране, как и во многих других развивающихся странах. Делается вывод, что для достижения реальных сдвигов и повышения эффективности инновационной политики следует использовать технический, концептуальный и социальный ПА, а конъюнктурный — свести к минимуму.
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