Ключевые слова
финансовый рычаг
финансовая гибкость
финансовые ограничения
нулевой долг
высокотехнологичные компании
окапывание менеджмента
Как цитировать
Аннотация
Наблюдаемый в настоящее время глобальный рост доли фирм с нулевым долгом наиболее выражен в отраслях, связанных с производством программного обеспечения, фармацевтической и биотехнологической продукции. Причины столь консервативной долговой политики в них до конца не раскрыты. Вопрос состоит в том, как эти компании сохраняют эффективность, не прибегая к заемным средствам и сопутствующим налоговым вычетам (налоговому щиту). На материале американских фирм из индекса RUSSELL 3000 за 12 лет авторы показывают, каким образом высокотехнологичные фирмы обходятся без заемного финансирования, и прослеживают факторы нулевой долговой нагрузки. Разделение выборки на подгруппы высокотехнологичных и невысокотехнологичных компаний продемонстрировало разницу в мотивах отказа от долга компаний из передовых и традиционных секторов.Традиционные детерминанты структуры капитала не могут полностью объяснить, почему сектор хайтека предпочитает бездолговую политику. В ходе исследования установлено, что такие компании чаще встречаются с финансовыми ограничениями, чем невысокотехнологичные, а в отсутствие таких ограничений могут избегать заемных средств ради сохранения гибкости. К политике нулевого долга их подталкивает также мотив «окапывания» менеджмента (management entrenchment). Результаты могут оказаться полезными для высшего корпоративного руководства и инвесторов, поскольку раскрывают мотивы выбора модели финансирования технологических компаний.
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