ISSN 1995-459X print E-ISSN 2312-9972 online ISSN 2500-2597 online English
Editor-in-chief Leonid Gokhberg
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2008. vol. 2. No. 3
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Strategies
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4–8
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Ageing of population is essential to most of European countries. This trend means both serious challenges as well as great potential for economic and social development. To bring this potential about it is necessary to provide equally high living standards for all age groups of population and first of all their employment. For this aim an Austrian interregional alliance “Territoriale Beshaftigungspakte” (territorial agreements on employment) has initiated in 2005 a Foresight study “Labor Market for Elderly People to 2035”. Common future visions were built, main trends related to the employment of elderly people were analyzed, and scenarios of labor market development to 2035 were developed. The project resulted in the complex strategy for strengthening positions of elderly people on labor market that integrated knowledge and experience of governing bodies of different levels, research organizations and independent experts. |
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10–15
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The importance of forests as a strategic resource and intangible assets is growing. So the forest sector has become a subject of numerous Foresight studies of different level and orientation. The European approach is considered as most productive so it is analyzed in the given paper. The basic instruments of strategic planning, first of all technology platforms and strategic studies implemented in the forest sector on their basis are discussed. A short review of Foresight practices of individual countries is presented. The general conclusion: reforms in the Russian forestry would be successful only if qualitative structural changes will take place. But related steps should be undertaken only on the base of shared future vision for all stakeholders. Results of Foresight studies at different level will allow to determine required innovation changes and to build roadmaps for development of different subsections of Russian forestry. |
Innovation and Economy
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16–31
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This paper sets about identifying different and complex innovation practices across nine countries by exploring data from firm level innovation surveys conducted in nine countries: Austria, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea and the United Kingdom. Our results suggest that innovating firms in these countries adopt one or more of the following innovation modes: 1) ‘new-to-market innovating’, 2) ‘marketing based imitating’, 3) ‘process modernising’, 4) ‘wider innovating’. The extent to which IPRs, external technology, design or marketing activities play a role in these innovation practices varies across countries. For example, in Austria, Denmark and New Zealand diffused technology (externally acquired R&D) is used together with own technology in bringing about novel products, suggesting a more open innovation pattern. In contrast, among firms in France, New Zealand and the UK we identify a greater reliance on IPRs (e.g. patents, copyrights and design registrations) while at the same time omitting externally acquired technologies. The latter may be interpreted as leaning towards a closed approach to innovation among a group of firms. |
Science
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32–43
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This paper aims at capturing trends in current inventive activities, based on an analysis of nanotechnology-related patents. The analysis addresses questions such as: •What is the difference between nanotechnology and other conventional technologies? (Particularly in relation to their breadth, sectoral distribution of applicants and international collaboration in invention). •What is the comparative strength of countries in nanotechnology? (Countries. share in patent applications). •How do scientific and inventive activities interact in nanotechnology? (Measurement of the ratio of non-patent literature in citations). •How fast has nanotechnology been evolving over time? (Measurement of time-lags between successive inventions). |
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44–53
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The Russian science is already for a long time suffers the increasing lack of people that results in ageing of scientific personnel, falling prestige of related activities, worsening quality of scientific results etc. In this case it is very interesting to know how the scientists themselves estimate opportunities, constraints and prospects of modernization of state science policy, adequacy and efficiency of its instruments. The paper discusses preliminary results of survey of working environment and attractiveness of scientific career that was undertaken in 2007 by the HSE Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge. |
Government
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54–66
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The paper considers methodological aspects of long-term technology forecasting with reference to modern economical development of Russia. It describes a matrix of long-term scenarios of technological development of Russia based either on primary-energy or innovation-active orientation of the national economy. The paper also provides the forecasts of promising technologies in several priority sectors in the framework of the scenario of local technological leadership that is more preferable for Russia. Finally, it considers different kinds of risks (technological, administrative, political) that should be included in long-term forecasts. |
Master Class
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68–74
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The paper opens a series of two publications devoted to technological roadmapping. This technique allows revealing and relating threats, risks, priorities and opportunities of development for different technologies and thus making better decisions. Different factors influencing on road mapping are considered such as base technologies and possible alternatives, potential gaps and risks, competitiveness etc. Special attention is paid to emerging technologies having great potential, when expected benefits compensate investment risks. |
Presentation
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