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Innovation and Economy
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4–15
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Today the energy sector is involved into the process of active search of innovative solutions. The emphasis there is on achieving a breakthrough in two basic areas — energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources. Large corporations demonstrate high innovation performance focusing not only on the development of new technologies, but of particular importance — on restructuring of the organizational and governance mechanisms. Herein lies a profound contradiction, constraining the transformation of the industry. It refers to among the majority of employees belonging to middle and lower echelons a preconceived attitude towards innovation. It becomes apparent that the modernization of the Russian energy sector and the transition to an innovation-oriented path of development are possible only subject to the introduction of effective mechanisms of industry governance.
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16–25
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The paper presents the results of a study conducted by the author in association with the Russian Innovation Bureau “Expert”. The study was aimed at identifying key factors determining the commercial success of innovative initiatives in the Russian context and their quantitative assessment.Scoring modelling is an internationally proven tool enabling objective evaluation of the capability to obtain a desired implication of an innovative project. However Russian practice still lacks such tools so the presented study is one of the first attempts in this regard.The research has covered a sample of innovative projects implemented by Russian companies from various sectors of the economy. It became the basis for creation of scoring models allowing predicting commercial success of innovative projects in Russia. |
Science
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26–41
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Doctorate holders represent a crucial human resource for research and innovation. While they benefit from an employment premium, doctoral graduates encounter a number of difficulties, notably in terms of working conditions. The labour market of doctoral graduates is more internationalized than that of other tertiary-level graduates, and the doctoral population is a highly internationally mobile one. The paper explores the reasons for migration of doctorate holders and challenges they face entering the labour market. |
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42–55
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The article presents the results of a study of secondary employment of researchers in the post-Soviet Russia, conducted by the HSE Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge in 2007. The use of factor analysis techniques allowed to identify four latent reasons for scientific activity, used as a prerequisite to a decision taking about the secondary employment. With the help of cluster analysis it became possible to establish a typology of primary employment time usage , and classify the secondary employment portfolios of scientists. Regression model analysis revealed the impact of both individual and institutional features on the availability and nature of additional employment. Particularly the availability of a doctoral degree has a positive effect on the probability of getting a second job, and the retirement age is a constraining one. Among other significant factors there are some features of the workplace, motivation, and previous job experience. |
Master Class
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56–68
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The paper investigates an experience of accounting a range of diverse viewpoints when dealing with major objectives of Foresight — priority-setting, networking and consensual vision-building. The relevant practice has a special meaning in contexts characterized by technological discontinuities and high uncertainties. The basic method in this case is the Scanning of Weak Signals. The authors propose to increase the performance of this tool by focusing on promising innovative ideas that will provide more focused, action-oriented, and comparable reflections of future developments. For the analysis of such ideas it is recommended to use a collaborative foresight method — Robust Portfolio Model (RPM) Screening. It envisages several phases, including generation, revision, multi-criteria evaluation, and portfolio analysis of innovative ideas.The paper presents the experience of Finland where this method was employed to enhance the operation of the ongoing Foresight Forum. Encouraging results from this project suggest that RPM Screening can be highly effective in foresight processes and the development of shared research agendas. |
Trends
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70–76
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The first German-Russian Summer School devoted to the issues of S&T and innovation development took place in July 2010 in Karlsruhe (Germany). The event was organized by the HSE Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge and Fraunhofer Institute for Systems Research and Innovation. Both sides paid close attention to a range of research topics, among them: results of Foresight projects recently implemented in Russia and Germany; roadmapping for various economic sectors and technology fields; regional innovation systems; methodologies for statistical measurement of R&D and innovation. |
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