ISSN 1995-459X print E-ISSN 2312-9972 online ISSN 2500-2597 online English
Editor-in-chief Leonid Gokhberg
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2020. vol. 14. No. 1
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Strategies
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6–27
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The tobacco industry worldwide has annual revenues of hundreds of billions of dollars, and annual smoking-associated death rates in the millions. Electronic cigarettes designed as a less harmful alternative to traditional tobacco products allow users to inhale nicotine, without consuming the products of burning tobacco, thus significantly lowering health risks. These and similar innovative solutions have a potentially disruptive impact on existing markets. Both newcomers and established cigarette firms have been active around these alternatives. However, the health implications of such products are still poorly studied and seemingly ambiguous. Moreover, there is an increasing number of reports on mass diseases associated with vaping. As a result, most countries and international institutions, including the World Health Organization, have adopted negative attitudes towards electronic cigarettes.Do e-cigarettes represent a Trojan Horse that will undermine tobacco control efforts – or are they an effective way to wean users away from cigarettes thus opening the way towards better future? This paper outlines estimates of the future health impacts of cigarette and e-cigarette use, and considers the broader issues surrounding this potentially disruptive innovation. It points to areas requiring further research and suggests how Foresight studies might address the topic. |
Innovation
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29–47
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The paper attempts to evaluate the impact of digital transformation upon productivity using the multi-level structure model of a random interaction effect based on the Bayesian approach to cross-section data. Digital transformation significantly raised general price levels in Russia and has had consistently significant positive effects upon economic growth through the random interaction effect. Therefore, in Russia in 2018, digital transformation played a role as a driver of technological progress that prompted economic growth rather than economic stability. |
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48–59
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The pace of information technology evolution calls for governance. Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT) is the main framework for information technology governance (ITG) and defines the concept of IT governance enablers as a critical step for any governance decision or path. This investigation aims to clarify the enablers defined by COBIT to help organizations manage their information technology. Clarity on the meaning of enabler is still lacking in the literature. Enablers are somewhat described in COBIT leaving space for confusion and contradictions among researchers and practitioners. The research question to be answered by this investigation concerns the definition for each enabler and how it is dictated by the COBIT framework. Further this study proposes a clarification concerning the definition of ITG enablers as addressed by COBIT and several filtration stages and criteria were used to select high-quality studies. Given the aim of this research, the authors adopted a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology to analyze and synthesize the knowledge about the enablers from COBIT from the literature. Our findings may be used by future researchers to better define the scope of their definitions of enablers, to help future studies regarding the relationship of enablers with any technology or field, and to help future investigations about IT governance and its scope within an organization. |
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60–68
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It is widely recognized that one of the factors determining current and future socioeconomic development is the level of digitalization shaping a new type of society — the information society. One area of ICT application within information society is e-Government. A relatively low level of development of e-Government services in Poland was behind the search for the causes of this phenomenon. Among many technological, organizational, human, economic, social, and cultural factors determining the development of e-Government, many researchers indicated trust as one of the most critical factors. Mistrust is perceived as a basic limitation for the implementation of e-Government solutions. The author’s object of interest was e-Declaration technology, which enables electronic filling and sending of tax returns to tax authorities. This article investigates the relationship between the features of technology users and their trust in the e-Declaration technology and their future intention to use the technology. The researched user traits refer to their general trust, overall trust in technology and science development, and their experience and trust in the internet. Data was collected with the use of the CATI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) technique. Altogether, 1,054 completed questionnaires were selected, containing 100% of the answers. The regression analysis was preceded by an analysis of correlations between variables. The hypotheses were confirmed using the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test. The obtained results confirmed positive relationships between Trust in e-Declaration (T) and all tested constructs: General Trust (GT), overall Trust in Science and Technology (TST), Trust in the Internet (TinI) and Internet Experience (IE). Results also confirmed a positive impact of Trust in e-Declaration (T) on the Future Intention (FI) to use the technology. In the adopted regression model, Trust in the Internet was recognized as a key factor in the success of e-Government development. Therefore, the Polish government, which offers solutions in the field of e-Government and wants to increase trust in the technology as well as extend future adaptations of the technology, should concentrate on building trust in the internet and the development of technology and science in general. |
Master Class
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70–84
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The advent of self-driving vehicles is no longer just science fiction conjecture but the reality of the coming decade. Various countries have already made real progress in self-driving technologies moving beyond slogans and to meaningful action – multi-country changes in the law, for one thing. Due to the rethinking of the transport planning process and new ways to organize passengers, the urban transport system is considered a single unit, not a set of separated transport subsystems (metro, land transport, etc.). Thus far, however, there has been no extensive study of the potential urban impact of self-driving technologies upon a city and its residents.This paper presents a methodology for the urban impact assessment of self-driving transportation developed based on an appropriate analysis for the city of Moscow. To that end, the urban environment as a research subject is described as a set of environmental, transport, technological, economic, social, and regulatory blocks of indicators. We purpose to evaluate these indicators: roads congestion, need for parking spaces, changes in the employment structure, new users of automobile transport, and others.To estimate the effects on the city, we described four scenarios for the introduction of self-driving cars, differentiated by the speed of technology introduction and the development of co-using economics. To achieve maximal effect of self-driving technology, one needs to adopt a proactive transport policy, including a set of measures defined by a current survey.The survey is indispensable for future research into the impact of self-driving technology upon a city. Also, the survey has a practical sense for administrations responsibility for urban transport policy. |
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85–96
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Innovative technologies are increasingly determining the competitive advantage of enterprises. They also form the basis for modern manufacturing processes, enabling them to meet the needs of society. Awareness of the need for technological development has become widespread, which has been confirmed by international and national programs, scientific and research activities, as well as emerging institutions. Considering the increasing demand for innovative technologies and the developed market, it appears important to use specific methods and tools for the effective analysis and selection of technologies. This paper presents a proposal to use multi-attribute decision-making methods during technology assessment and selection. The proposed concept combines an S-life-cycle analysis (S-LCA), which determines the performance of a technology, the method of Technology Readiness Levels (TRL), which examines the technological maturity, and the TOPSIS method, which allows for developing a technology ranking. To verify this approach, the example of a ranking and selection of the best road technology in Poland is presented, considering the proposed set of criteria and sub-criteria. In the technology assessment, the criteria for innovation, competitiveness, and usefulness of this technology were used in addition to S-LSA and TRL methods. |
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