Аннотация
Глобализация производства знаний существенно изменила природу большинства областей науки и технологий. Из обособленных направлений, имеющих четко очерченные границы, они превратились в более открытые, часто пересекающиеся между собой (если не сливающиеся) сферы. Инновационная деятельность становится более сложной, а новые продукты, процессы, услуги и бизнес-модели создаются на основе интеграции решений, имеющих самые разные научно-технические «корни». Таким образом, переток (spillover) результатов исследований, разработок и инноваций становится необходимым условием формирования новых междисциплинарных областей знания, науки и технологий.
В статье представлен обзор и анализ литературы, предложена типология различных видов и каналов, дается оценка экономического эффекта этого процесса. Особое внимание уделено оценке способности реципиентов абсорбировать новые знания и извлекать преимущества для своего развития.
Автор приходит к выводу, что переток знаний оказывает позитивный эффект в отношении показателей экономической деятельности реципиента (компании, страны или региона), при условии, что он имеет достаточный абсорбционный потенциал. При этом усиливается конкуренция между получателями знаний, что может негативно сказаться на экономическом положении их создателя. У последнего остается возможность (при определенных условиях) прибегнуть к инструментам правовой защиты интеллектуальной собственности, а также развивать свой потенциал, расширяя границы знаний в разных областях и стимулируя спрос на имеющийся интеллектуальный и технологический капитал при помощи маркетинга.
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