Аннотация
В работе представлены результаты исследования инновационной деятельности компаний, проводившегося в девяти странах: Австрии, Бразилии, Канаде, Дании, Франции, Новой Зеландии, Норвегии, Корее и Великобритании. Выявлено, что инновационные компании в указанных странах используют следующие практики (или их комбинацию): 1) новые для рынка инновации; 2) имитации на основе маркетинга; 3) модернизацию процессов; 4) «расширенную» инновационную деятельность. Степень влияния таких факторов, как права на интеллектуальную собственность, приобретение технологий извне, дизайн и маркетинг, на указанные модели инновационной активности варьируется от страны к стране. Так, в Австрии, Дании и Новой Зеландии при создании новых продуктов использование собственных технологий сочетается с импортом результатов исследований и разработок, что говорит о более открытых инновационных схемах. Во Франции и Великобритании, напротив, компании уделяют больше внимания защите прав на интеллектуальную собственность (патенты, авторские права, регистрация промышленных образцов), часто игнорируя возможности использования «внешних» технологий. Подобный подход к инновациям считается «закрытым».
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