|
Editorial note
Long-term Forecast of S&T Development of Russia till 2025
|
12–29
|
The paper provides the analysis of major restrictions and scenarios of long-term (up to 2030) social-economic development of the Russian economy. The authors take into account transformation of the global economic system. Most important scenario variants of world economy development are described in detail. The authors list and characterize possible risks and threats with regard to Russian economy long-term development. |
|
30–36
|
The paper highlights certain results of the Long-term science and technology foresight on key Russia’s economic sectors obtained in 2007–2008. One of the primary goals of the forecast is to determine main science and technology progress trends in major RF economic sectors with due consideration to strategic social and economic objectives, the transfer of Russian economy to the innovation development path and the achievement of target indicators set in the Long-term concept of RF social and economic development for the period up to 2020. |
Expert opinion
|
39
|
The results of Russian long-term S&T Foresight are commented by Mikhail Kirpichnikov – Dean, MSU Faculty of Biology, and Chairman, Supreme Certification Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. |
Long-term Forecast of S&T Development of Russia till 2025
|
40–58
|
The paper is devoted to the analysis of S&T trends as a part of the Russian Long-term S&T Foresight 2025 which was carried out in 2007-2008 by request from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and Federal Agency for Science and Innovation. The paper provides an expert assessment of Russia’s positioning on the global S&T landscape. It also highlights the fields of S&T development whose support allows to raise competitiveness of Russian economy and to solve actual tasks of social development. |
Expert opinion
|
59
|
The results of Russian long-term S&T Foresight are commented by Vladimir Fortov – Academic-secretery, Department of Energy, Machinery, Mechanics and Management Processes, and Director, Institute for Thermo physics of Extreme States, RAS United Institute for High Temperatures. |
Master Class
|
60–68
|
To coincide with the recent official publication of the results of the Russian Technology Foresight Programme, this paper provides a brief overview of international experiences in national technology foresight. The author demonstrates the foresight practice growing popularity both on the international level and within certain states, describes different rationales that justify the use of foresight, highlighting their shift away from an original R&D priority-setting focus towards a more process-oriented focus that emphasises dialogue and networking between different actors in national systems of innovation. The methodological approaches used in different countries are compared, suggesting a possible link between method preferences and political and institutional cultures. Factors are also considered that complicate the evaluation of foresight researches, and perspectives of their further development are briefly analyzed. |
Science
|
68–81
|
Part II of the Benoit Godin’s article “What is science? Defining science by numbers, 1920-2000” concludes the paper which appeared in the previous issue of the journal. It explores discussions surrounding the official interpretation of science and possibilities to broaden it. The article analyses efforts to construct a different concept of science and the reasons why they failed. Provided is an overview of early approaches to statistical measurement of various aspects of scientific activities other than strictly scientific research, including those offered by the US National Science Foundation but excluded from the internationally recognized OECD methodology. The paper also covers UNESCO recommendations of 1978 and their impact on statistics. The author finishes the study with some thoughts on broadening the concept of science in relation to operational nature of the notion. |
|