Аннотация
Лицам, ответственным за создание базы компетенций, необходимых для будущего экономического развития, требуется более четкое понимание эффектов, производимых радикальными технологическими изменениями. В долгосрочной перспективе также изменения могут опровергнуть многие прогнозы, основанные на стандартных подходах и методах моделирования трендов занятости. В статье рассматриваются некоторые подходы к изучению ключевых новых технологий, а также оценивается полезность применения таких известных идей, используемых исследованиях инноваций, как: анализ диффузии и жизненного цикла отрасли, проработка парадигм и траекторий технологического развития. Особые методологические трудности возникают в сфере нанотехнологий, что обусловлено и ее зачаточным состоянием, и пересечением на наноуровне разных областей знания, и масштабами и скоростью эволюции. Автор оценивает степень достоверности существующих прогнозов занятости и компетенций в наноиндустрии, а также более общих приложений нанотехнологий в промышленности, и предлагает пути повышения их надежности и более качественного информационного обеспечения политики.
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