Keywords
competences
entrepreneurship
long-term strategies
future-orientation
Futures Literacy
eLearning
How to Cite
Abstract
Despite the accelerated dynamics of the environment, higher education institutions slowly update their curricula in entrepreneurship education according to global challenges and market needs. Moreover, knowledge and good practice exchanges between educators of futures studies, business representatives, and academics is limited. This article aims to present a methodology for prototyping an online course for individuals to become more future-oriented in their professional and personal settings. The main research problems tackled by the authors relate to: 1) the identification of competences that would help academics, entrepreneurs, and students to deal with uncertainty and to 2) convey the competences to the target groups through learning topics selected from futures studies and the entrepreneurship repertoire. The authors of the article undertook and coordinated theoretical and empirical research on foresight and Futures Literacy and its correspondence with entrepreneurship within the beFORE project funded under the Erasmus+ program’s Knowledge Alliance scheme. The research process resulted in the identification of 12 key competence items and the development of a free, approximately 34-hour-long online course consisting of seven self-standing modules, 25 lessons, and 79 learning topics corresponding to these competences. The originality of the paper is in its contribution to the discussion on the competences and online course content that efficiently increase the capacities of using the future(s) in professional, academic, and personal settings.
References
Alsan A. (2008) Not with a bang, but a blink. The Futurist, 42(1), 4+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A172911390/ITOF?u=fub&sid=ITOF&xid=3eecb5e8, дата обращения 15.06.2021.
Andriopoulos C., Gotsi M. (2006) Probing the future: Mobilising foresight in multiple-product innovation firms. Futures, 38(1), 50-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2005.04.003
Arpentieva M.R., Gorelova I.V., Kassymova K.G., Lavrinenko S.V., Shumova K.A., Malinichev D.M., Simonov V.L., Kosov A.V., Garbuzova G.V., Stepanova O.P. (2020) Human Resource Management and Dynamic Capabilities of Educational Enterprises: Psychological, Social and Economic Aspects. Bulletin of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 1(38), 242-254.
Baskarada S., Shrimpton D., Ng S. (2016) Learning through foresight. Foresight, 18(4), 414-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-09-2015-0045
BeFORE (2018) Future-oriented individuals: Lessons learned from a competence survey (WP2 report). http://futureoriented.eu/wp-content/uploads/wp2f.pdf, дата обращения 21.05.2021.
Begley C.M. (1996) Using triangulation in nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24(1), 122-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.15217.x
Bell W. (1997) The purposes of futures studies. The Futurist, 31(6), 42-45.
Bell W. (2009) Foundations of Futures Studies. History, Purpose, and Knowledge Human Science for a New Era (vol. 1), New Brunswick (U.S.) and London (UK): Transaction Publishers.
Bridge S. (2017) Is entrepreneurship the problem in entrepreneurship education? Education+ Training, 59(7-8), 740-750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2016-0037
Chiu F.-C. (2012) Fit between future thinking and future orientation on creative imagination. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 7(3), 234-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2012.05.002
Clark B.R. (2003) Sustaining Change in Universities: Continuities in Case Studies and Concepts. Tertiary Education and Management, 9(2), 99-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2003.9967096
Clark R.C., Mayer R.E. (2016) E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119239086
Cuhls K., Johnston R. (2008) Corporate foresight. In: Future-Oriented Technology Analysis. Strategic intelligence for an innovative economy (eds. C. Cagnin, M. Keenan, R. Johnston, F. Scapolo, R. Barre), Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, New York: Springer, pp. 103-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68811-2_8
Dannenberg S., Grapentin T. (2016) Education for Sustainable Development - Learning for Transformation. The Example of Germany. Journal of Futures Studies, (20)3, 7-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6531/JFS.2016.20(3).A7
De Haan G. (2010) The development of ESD-related competencies in supportive institutional frameworks. International Review of Education.
Denzin N.K. (1989) The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods (3rd ed.), New York: Routledge.
ETF (2017) Skills Foresight: Making Sense of Emerging Labour Market Trends, Turin: European Training Foundation.
Ejdys J., Gudanowska A., Halicka K., Kononiuk A., Magruk A., Nazarko J., Nazarko L., Szpilko D., Widelska U. (2019) Foresight in Higher Education Institutions: Evidence from Poland. Foresight and STI Governance, 13(1), 77-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.1.77.89
Ertmer P.A., Newby T.J. (2013) Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Comparing Critical Features from an Instructional Design Perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21143
European Commission (2012) European Commission, Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan - Reigniting the Entrepreneurial Spirit in Europe (COM (2012) 795 final), Brussels: European Commission.
Fareri S., Fantoni G., Chiarello F., Coli E., Binda A. (2020) Estimating Industry 4.0 impact on job profiles and skills using text mining. Computers in Industry, 118, 103222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103222
Fontela E., Guzman J., Perez M., Santos F.J. (2006) The art of entrepreneurial Foresight. Foresight, 8(6), 3-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14636680610712496
Fuller T., Warren L., Argyle P. (2008) Sustaining entrepreneurial business: A complexity perspective on processes that produce emergent practice. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(1), 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-007-0047-y
Gagne R.M. (1984) Learning outcomes and their effects: Useful categories of human performance. American Psychologist, 39(4), 377-385. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.39.4.377
Gagne R.M., Merrill M.D. (1990) Integrative Goals for Instructional Design. Educational Technology, Research and Development, 38(1), 23-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02298245
Gheorghiua R., Andreescu L., Curaj A. (2016) A foresight toolkit for smart specialization and entrepreneurial discovery. Futures, 80, 33-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2016.04.001
Gidley J.M. (2017) Very Short Introductions, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Grim T. (2009) Foresight Maturity Model (FMM): Achieving Best Practices in the Foresight Field. Journal of Futures Studies, 13(4), 69-79.
Gudanowska A., Kononiuk A., Debkowska K. (2020) The application of cluster analysis for the selection of key competences of future-oriented entrepreneurs. Inzinerie Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 31(5), 565-574.
Heinonen S., Ruotsalainen J. (2012) Toward the age of neo-entrepreneurs. World Futures Review, 4(2), 123-133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/194675671200400216
Hiltunen E. (2013) Foresight and Innovation. How Companies are Coping with the Future, London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Hines A., Gary J., Daheim C., van der Laan L. (2017) Building foresight capacity: Toward a foresight competency model. World Futures Review, 9(3), 123-141. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1946756717715637.
Hurst D. (2014) Is Management Due for a Renaissance? Harvard Business Review, 30.05.2014. https://hbr.org/2014/05/is-management-due-for-a-renaissance, дата обращения 29.05.2020.
Inayatullah S. (2008) Six pillars: Futures thinking for transforming. Foresight, 10(1), 4-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14636680810855991
Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Erziehungswissenschaft / Revue Internationale De L'Education, 56(2-3), 315-328. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40928675.
Jafari-Sadeghi V., Kimiagari S., Biancone P.P. (2020) Level of education and knowledge, foresight competency and international entrepreneurship. European Business Review, 32(1), 46-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-05-2018-0098
Jain R.K. (2011) Entrepreneurial Competencies: A Meta-analysis and Comprehensive Conceptualization for Future Research. Vision, 15(2), 127-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/097226291101500205
Johnson R.D., Brown K.G. (2017) E?Learning. In: The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of the Internet at Work (eds. G. Hertel, D.L. Stone, R.D. Johnson, J. Passmore), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 369-400. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119256151.ch17
Jones N., O'Brien M., Ryan T. (2018) Representation of future generations in United Kingdom policy-making. Futures, 102, 153-163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.01.007
Jonsen K., Jehn K.A. (2009) Using triangulation to validate themes in qualitative studies. Qualitative Research in Organisations and Management, 4(2), 123-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17465640910978391
Kaivo-oja J.R.L., Lauraeus I.T. (2018) The VUCA approach as a solution concept to corporate foresight challenges and global technological disruption. Foresight, 20(1), 27-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-06-2017-0022
Keller K.C. (2013) Nachhaltige Innovationen Gestalten. In: Zukunftsforschung im Praxistest. Schriftenreihe: Zukunft und Forschung (eds. R. Popp, A. Zweck), Bd. 3, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 385-407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-19837-8_16
Knight F.H. (1921) Cost of production and price over long and short periods. Journal of Political Economy, 29(4), 304-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/253349
Kononiuk A., Gudanowska A., Magruk A., Sacio-Szymanska A., Fantoni G., Trivelli L., Ollenburg S. (2017) Becoming Future-Oriented Entrepreneurs in Universities and Companies (WP1 report), Brussels: European Commission. http://futureoriented.eu/wp-content/uploads/wp1f.pdf, дата обращения 18.01.2021.
Kononiuk A., Pajak A., Gudanowska A., Magruk A., Rollnik-Sadowska E., Sacio-Szymanska A. (2020) Foresight for Career Development. Foresight and STI Governance, 14(2), 88-104.
Kreibich R., Oertel B., Wolk M. (2011) Futures Studies and Future-Oriented Technology Analysis Principles, Methodology and Research (HIIG Discussion Paper Series Discussion Paper 2012-05). Paper presented for the 1st Berlin Symposium on Internet and Society, October 25-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2094215
Lefebvre C., Glanville J., Wieland L.S., Coles B., Weightman A.L. (2013) Methodological developments in searching for studies for systematic reviews: Past, present and future? Systematic Reviews, 2(1), 78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-2-78
Lewrick M., Maktoba O., Raeside R., Sailer K. (2010) Education for Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Management Capabilities for Sustainable Growth and Success. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 6(1-2), 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20425961201000001
Martin R.L. (2019) The high price of efficiency. Harvard Business Review, January-February, 42-55. https://hbr.org/2019/01/the-high-price-of-efficiency, дата обращения 28.06.2021.
Merrill M.D. (2002) First principles of instruction. Educational Technology Research and Development, 50, 43-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02505024
Miller R. (2015) Learning, the Future, and Complexity. An Essay on the Emergence of Futures Literacy. European Journal of Education, 50(4), 513-523. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12157
Miller R. (2018) Transforming the future: Anticipation in the 21st century, New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351048002
Morris M.H., Webb J.W., Fu J., Singhal S. (2013) A competency-based perspective on entrepreneurship education: Conceptual and empirical insights. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 352-369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12023
Nanus B. (1977) Management training in futures concepts. Futures, 9(3), 194-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(77)90033-7
Postma A., Yeoman S. (2021) A systems perspective as a tool to understand disruption in travel and tourism. Journal of Tourism Futures, 7(1), 67-77.
Ratcliffe J., Ratcliffe L. (2015) Anticipatory leadership and strategic foresight: Five ‘linked literacies'. Journal of Futures Studies, 20, 1-18.
Rieckmann M. (2011) Future-oriented higher education: Which key competencies should be fostered through university teaching and learning? Futures, 44, 127-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2011.09.005
Rohrbeck R. (2011) Corporate foresight: Towards a maturity model for the future orientation of a firm, Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2626-5
Roos J. (2014) The Renaissance We Need in Business Education. Harvard Business Review, July. https://hbr.org/2014/07/the-renaissance-we-need-in-business-education/, дата обращения 24.06.2020.
Rudzinski C.V., Uerz G. (2014) Volkswagen: Open Foresight at the Front End of Research Innovation. In: Management of the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation (eds. O. Gassmann, F. Schweitzer), Heildelberg, Dordrecht, London, New York: Springer, pp. 295-299.
Sajwani Z.S., Hazzam J., Lahrech A., Alnuaimi M. (2021) A strategy tripod perspective on merger effectiveness in the higher education industry: The mediating role of future foresight. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(5), 925-942.
Schumpeter J.A. (1934) The Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Snelbecker G. (1983) Learning theory, instructional theory, and psychoeducational design, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Song A., Hormuth W. (2013) Die BASF Future Business GmbH. Vom Trendscouting zum Aufbau neuer Geschaftsfelder. In: Zukunftsforschung im Praxistest. Schriftenreihe: Zukunft und Forschung (eds. R. Popp, A. Zweck), Bd. 3, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 181-194.
Stordy P. (2015) Taxonomy of literacies. Journal of Documentation, 71(3), 456-476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-10-2013-0128
Suleiman A., Abahre J. (2020) Essential competencies for engineers from the perspective of fresh graduates. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 12(1), 70-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2020-0006
Thomassen M.L., Middleton K.W., Ramsgaard M.B., Neergaard H., Warren L. (2019) Conceptualizing context in entrepreneurship education: A literature review. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(5), 863-886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2018-0258
Valerio A., Parton B., Robb A. (2014) Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programs around the World: Dimensions for Success, Washington, D.C.: World Bank. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0202
Van Atta R.H., Lippitz M.J., Bovey R.L., Dubin R.D., Blazek S.L. (2011) Commercial Industry Research & Development Management Best Practices, Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analysis.
Van der Heijden K. (2000) Scenarios: The Art of Strategic Conversation (2nd ed.), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Van der Laan L. (2010) Foresight competence and the strategic thinking of strategy?level leaders, Toowoomba: University of Southern Queensland.
Van der Laan L., Erwee R. (2012) Foresight styles assessment: A valid and reliable measure of dimensions of foresight competence? Foresight, 14(5), 374-386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14636681211269860
Volpentesta A.P., Felicetti A.M. (2011) Competence Mapping through Analysing Research Papers of a Scientific Community. In: Technological Innovation for Sustainability. DoCEIS 2011. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (ed. L.M. Camarinha-Matos), vol. 349, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 10. 1007/978-3-642-19170-1_4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19170-1_4
Walras L. (1954) Elements of Pure Economics, London: Allen & Unwin.
Weiner E., Brown A. (2008) FutureThink: How to Think Clearly in a Time of Change, New York: FT Press.
Wippel N. (2014) Multinational strategic foresight of environmental trends in the automobile industry using internal resources, Bremen: University of Bremen.
Xu Y., Yeh C.-H. (2012) An integrated approach to evaluation and planning of best practices. Omega, 40(1), 65-78
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.